Glossary for the subject CIE4310
Abutment | landhoofd | That part of the valley side against which the dam is constructed, or the approach embankment in case of bridges which may intrude some distance into the waterway. |
Antinode | buik (van trilling) | See LOOP. |
Apron | stortebed, bodembescherming (lett. beschermlap, | Layer of stone, concrete or other material to protect the toe of a structure against scour. |
armouring | beschermen, pantseren | |
Backwash | terugstroming (in golfoploop) | (1) See BACKRUSH. (2) Water or waves thrown back by an obstruction such as a ship, breakwater, or cliff. |
bank | oever | Bank line is water line at mean low water |
bar | bank (zandbank) | |
bar | zandbank | |
bed | bodem | |
Bed load | bodemtransport | The quantity of sediment moving along the bed by rolling, jumping or sliding with at least intermittent contact. |
Bed protection | bodembescherming | A (rock) structure on the sea bed or on the bed of a river or estuary in order to protect the underlying bed against erosion due to current and/or wave action. |
bend scour | bochterosie | Erosion in (the other part of) a river bed |
bow | boeg | Front part of a ship |
brushwood | rijshout | thin, flexible branches of wood (usally Osier) |
Clogging | dichtslibben | |
coherent | samenhangend | |
cohesive | cohesief | Soil material consisting of fine particles which are in some way bonded (in contradiction to loose sand) like clay |
collapse | in elkaar storten | Collapsing breakers - breaking occurs over lower half of wave, with minimal air pocket and usually no splash up. Bubbles and foam present. |
collide | botsen | |
concrete | beton | |
constriction | vernauwing | |
construction | bouw, uitvoering, constructie | |
Core | boorkern | A vertical cylindrical sample of the bottom sediments from which the nature and stratification of the bottom may be determined. |
Cover layer | Toplaag | The outer layer used in a revetment system as protection against external hydraulic loads |
crest | kruin | top part of a construction |
Crown wall | borstwering | Concrete superstructure on a RUBBLE MOUND. |
culvert | duiker | underground connection for water of limited size |
cusp | interferentie piek | |
debris | rommel, afval | |
downrush | terugstromen (in golfoploop) | |
drag | slepen - trekken - stromingsweerstand | |
Eddy | Wervel, neer | A circular movement of water formed on the side of a main current. Eddies may be created at points where the main stream passes projecting obstructions or where two adjacent currents flow counter to each other. Also EDDY CURRENT. |
equilibrium | evenwicht | |
faggot | wiep | Bundle of brushwood, with a circumference of approx. 50 cm, as part of a mattress. |
fascine mattress | zinkstuk | bedprotection made of brushwood and geotextile to prevent erosion of the subsoil due to currents and waves |
flow slide | zettingsvloeiing | slide of a lrage quantity of soil due to liquefaction |
freeboard | waakhoogte | The additional height of a structure above design high water level that is added to prevent overflow. Also, the vertical distance between the water level and the top of the structure at a given time. |
Gabion | schanskorf | a basket or cage filled with earth or rocks and used especially in building a support or abutment or shoreline |
Gravel | Grind - kiezel | See SOIL CLASSIFICATION. |
Groyne (beach groyne) | Strandhoofd | dam perpendicular to the beach with the purpose to decrease longshore transport |
groyne (river groyne) | krib (rivierkrib) | short dam in a river perpendicular to the embankment with the purpose to concentrate the flow in the middle of the river |
heave | opdrijven | heave of the topsoil becasue of overpressure in the underground |
hull | romp (van schip) | |
impermeable | niet poreus, ondoorlatend | |
impervious | ondoordringbaar | |
impinge | treffen, botsen | |
incipient motion | begin van beweging | The moment sand or stones start to move under flow conditons |
inflection | buigen | |
interface | grensvlak, overgang | |
Iribarren number | Iribarrengetal | dimensionless parameter to descibe wave-structure interaction, the ratio between structur slope and wave steepness |
jet | straal | |
leach | uitlogen | |
leakage | lek | |
liquefaction | zettingsvloeiing | saturated sand behaving like a fluid |
mattress, fascine mattress | zinkstuk | bedprotection made of brushwood and geotextile to prevent erosion of the subsoil due to currents and waves |
Momentum | Impuls | product of mass and velocity |
Node | knoop (van trilling) | That part of a STANDING WAVE where the vertical motion is least and the horizontal velocities are greatest. Nodes are associated with CLAPOTIS and with SEICHE action resulting from wave reflections. Compare LOOP. |
nozzle | tuit | |
Orbital movement | Orbitaalbeweging | The flow of water accompanying the orbital movement of the water particles in a wave. Not to be confused with wave-generated LITTORAL CURRENTS. |
orifice | opening van de uitstroming | |
pier | pijler, pier | |
pitch | zetten (plaveien) | Placing blocks in a regular pattern in a revetment |
plunge | duiken | |
propeller race | schroefstraal | |
protrude | uitsteken | |
quarry | steengroeve | an excavation or pit from which building stone is obtained by cutting, blasting, etc. |
quicksand | drijfzand | Loose, yielding, wet sand which offers no support to heavy objects. The upward flow of the water has a velocity that eliminates contact pressures between the sand grains and causes the sand-water mass to behave like a fluid. |
rectifier | gelijkrichter | |
revetment | steenzetting, bekleding | A facing of stone, concrete, etc., built to protect a scarp, embankment, or shore structure against erosion by wave action or currents. |
riprap | breuksteen, stortsteen | A protective layer or facing of quarrystone, usually well graded within wide size limit, randomly placed to prevent erosion, scour, or sloughing of an embankment of bluff; also the stone so used. The quarrystone is placed in a layer that is at least twice the thickness of the 50 percent size or 1.25 times the thickness of the largest size stone in the gradation. |
run-down | golfterugloop | |
run-up | golfoploop | The rush of water up a structure or beach on the breaking of a wave. Also UPRUSH, SWASH. The amount of runup is the vertical height above still-water level to which the rush of water reaches. |
saturated | verzadigd | |
scour | ontgronding, uitschuring | Removal of underwater material by waves and currents, especially at the base or toe of a shore structure. |
Seepage | kwel | |
segregation | ontmenging | |
settlement | zetten (van grond) | |
Settlement | zetting | Vertical changes in the thickness of a soil layer due a load on top of this layer |
Shallow | Ondiep water | Shallow water: (1) Commonly, water of such a depth that surface waves are noticeably affected by bottom topography. It is customary to consider water of depths less than one-half the surface wavelength as shallow water. See TRANSITIONAL ZONE and DEEP WATER. (2) More strictly, in hydrodynamics with regard to progressive gravity waves, water in which the depth is less than 1/25 the wavelength; also called VERY SHALLOW WATER. |
shear stress | schuifspanning | |
sheet pile | damwand | |
sill | drempel | Shallow area in a gap, usually created as a foundation for a dam or an other structure |
slags | slakken | |
slide | afschuiving | sliding of a part of a ground body (usually with slope) because of exceedance of the internal shear strength |
spill | morsen | |
split-barge | splijtbak | |
spur (-dike), wingdam (USA) | krib, scherm, hoofd | |
Stern | achtersteven, hek | |
stone pitching | gezette steenglooiing | |
Surf | branding | The wave activity in the area between the shoreline and the outermost limit of breakers. Se also SURF BEAT and SURF ZONE |
Surf Similarity parameter | Iribarrengetal | dimensionless parameter to descibe wave-structure interaction, the ratio between structur slope and wave steepness |
surge | deinen | The name applied to wave motion with a period intermediate between that of the ordinary wind wave and that of the tide, say from 1/2 to 60 minutes. It is low in height, usually less than 0.9 meter (0.3 foot). See also SEICHE. |
tailwater | benedenwater | |
threshold | drempel | |
tug | sleepboot | |
Uprush | omhoog stromen in golfoploop | The rush of water up onto the beach following the breaking of a wave. Also SWASH, RUNUP. |
voids | poriën | |
vortex, eddy | neer, wervel | A circular movement of water formed on the side of a main current. Eddies may be created at points where the main stream passes projecting obstructions or where two adjacent currents flow counter to each other. Also EDDY CURRENT. |
wake | zog (van schip) | |
water-borne | vanaf het water (lett. door het water gedragen) |